Cancer is a disease that can develop in any part of the body. It happens when abnormal cells in the body grow out of control. There are many different types of cancer, each with its own symptoms.
Cancer symptoms can vary depending on the type of cancer, where it is in the body, and how advanced it is. Some cancers may not cause any symptoms until they are very advanced.
This is why it is essential to be familiar with the common symptoms, stay up to date on routine screenings, and see a doctor if you have any concerns.
Skin Changes
For melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, you can use the “ABCDE” guide to watch for changes in moles or other skin markings:
- Asymmetry: The shape of one half does not match the other.
- Border: The edges are ragged, blurred, notched, or irregular.
- Color: The color is not the same all over and may include shades of brown or black, sometimes with patches of pink, red, white, or blue.
- Diameter: The spot is larger than 1/4 inch diameter (the width of a pen or pencil eraser).
- Evolving: The mole is changing in size, shape, or color.
Other skin cancer symptoms may include:
- abnormal rash
- wart-like growths
- open sores that don’t heal
- any abnormal new growth or spot on the skin
- changes to existing moles
Persistent Cough
Although coughing is a common symptom of many other conditions, it may also be a sign of lung cancer. If the cough persists for an extended period (several weeks to months), is accompanied by other symptoms, or gets worse over time, it may be worth getting checked out by a doctor.
Other warning symptoms that may accompany a persistent cough include:
- a hoarse voice
- wheezing
- chest pain
- shortness of breath
- blood in spit or phlegm
Breast or Testicle Changes
You should regularly perform self-checks of your breasts or testicles to look for changes. While most lumps may be benign (non-cancerous), it is always best to get it checked out to be sure. These lumps can be painless or tender. Breast cancer may also cause other symptoms such as:
- nipple discharge or pain
- unusual changes in size, shape, or appearance of the breast
- changes to the skin on the breast, such as dimpling
- any new lump in the armpit
- swelling of all or part of a breast
- pain in the breast that does not go away
- nipple discharge
Unexpected Weight Loss
Cancer cells take up energy and resources that healthy cells would normally use. They can also release substances that change the way the body metabolizes food. This can lead to unexpected weight loss, even if you eat the same amount or more.
Other symptoms that may accompany weight loss include:
- a decrease in appetite
- fatigue
- nausea or vomiting
- constipation or diarrhea
- abdominal pain
- indigestion
- bloating
Persistent Mysterious Pain
Persistent pain not explained by another condition or injury may indicate cancer. This is especially true if the pain worsens over time or is accompanied by other symptoms, such as fever or weight loss.
If you are experiencing any unexplained pain that persists for more than a few weeks, it is essential to see a doctor so they can determine the cause.
Unexpected Bleeding
Unexplained bleeding can be a sign of cancer. This may present itself in the form of blood in your stool, urine, or spit. This can also manifest as vaginal bleeding between periods or after menopause.
Also, be aware of any sores that do not heal, as this can be a sign that something is wrong.
Difficulty Emptying Bladder or Bowel
If you have difficulty urinating or bowel movements, this could be a sign of cancer in the urinary or digestive system. Other symptoms that may accompany these changes include:
- blood in the urine or stool
- constipation or diarrhea
- abdominal pain
- indigestion
- bloating
Cancer can cause various symptoms, so it is essential to be aware of any changes in your body. These signs and symptoms do not necessarily mean that you have cancer, but if you are experiencing any of them, it is vital to see a doctor so they can determine the cause.
Early detection is crucial for the successful treatment of any type of cancer, so do not hesitate to get checked out if you are experiencing any abnormal symptoms. Talk to your doctor about what screenings you need and what symptoms you should be on the lookout for.
